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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вестник Кемеровского государственного университета. Серия: Политические, социологические и экономические науки</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2500-3372</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2542-1190</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">69411</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-2-178-188</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Экономика и управление: теория и практика</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Economics and Management: Theory and Practice</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Экономика и управление: теория и практика</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Specifics of Entrepreneurial Activities in the Sub-Sanctioned Resource Economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Специфика предпринимательской деятельности в подсанкционной ресурсной экономике (кейс Исламской Республики Иран)</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Леухова</surname>
       <given-names>Мария Геннадьевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Leukhova</surname>
       <given-names>Maria G.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>leukhova@kemsu.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат исторических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of historical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Корчагина</surname>
       <given-names>Ирина Васильевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Korchagina</surname>
       <given-names>Irina V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>korchagina-i@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Кемерово</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution>
     <city>Kemerovo</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-11T07:54:53+03:00">
    <day>11</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-11T07:54:53+03:00">
    <day>11</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>8</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>178</fpage>
   <lpage>188</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-30T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>30</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-05-20T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>20</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik-bees.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/69411/view">https://vestnik-bees.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/69411/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В новых условиях необходимо переосмысление представлений и моделей деятельности разных подсистем национальной экономики, в том числе малого и среднего предпринимательства. Большой интерес представляет исследование опыта Исламской Республики Иран как ресурсной страны, столкнувшейся с высоким уровнем экономических санкций. Цель – выявить особенности деятельности малых и средних предприятий Исламской Республики Иран. Использованы методы экономического анализа, системно-­структурный подход. Материалами для исследования выступили публикации, документы органов власти, статистические сборники, публикации деловых СМИ Исламской Республики Иран. Установлено, что критерием классификации малых и средних предприятий является только численность работников. Вследствие высокой инфляции критерии выручки и активов не применяются, не учитывается отраслевая принадлежность. Показано, что значительная доля малых и средних предприятий развивалась путем замещения недоступных товаров и технологий, что обусловило появление определенных особенностей. Во-первых, малые и средние предприятия обеспечивают до трети ВВП Исламской Республики Иран, что существенно выше, чем в России и сопоставимо с США, однако они мало участвуют в экспорте. В то же время отставание малых и средних предприятий по производительности труда от среднего уровня ниже, чем в странах со зрелой рыночной экономикой, в том числе  в России. В условиях санкций значительная часть малых и средних предприятий Исламской Республики Иран выпускают альтернативную импортной продукцию с высокой добавленной стоимостью в рамках мелкосерийного производства. Ее производители пользуются рыночной властью в условиях высокой инфляции. Однако экспортный потенциал этой продукции ограничен, импортируются преимущественно продукты питания, одежда, изделия из кожи. Особенностями поддержки малых и средних предприятий являются ориентация на создание цепочек добавленной стоимости, а не учреждение новых предприятий, а также развитие субконтрактных отношений.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In the new conditions, it is necessary to rethink the concepts and models of various subsystems of the national economy’s activity, including small and medium-sized businesses, which makes study of the experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a resource country facing a high level of economic sanctions relevant. The aim of the article is to identify the features of the small and medium-sized enterprises’ activities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The authors use methods of economic analysis, system-structural approach. The article establishes that the criterion for the classification of small and medium-sized enterprises is only the number of employees. Due to high inflation, the criteria of revenue and assets are not applied, industry affiliation is not taken into account. A significant proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises develop by replacing inaccessible goods and technologies, which leads to them having certain features. Firstly, small and medium-sized enterprises provide up to a third of the GDP of the Islamic Republic of Iran. At the same time, the falling behind of small and medium-sized enterprises in labor productivity is lower than in countries with mature market economies. Under the sanctions, a significant part of small and medium-sized enterprises of the Islamic Republic of Iran produce alternative imported products with high added value within the framework of small-scale production. However, the export potential of these products is limited. The specific ways of supporting small and medium-sized enterprises include the focus on the value chains creation (rather than the establishment of new enterprises) and the development of subcontract relations.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>предпринимательство</kwd>
    <kwd>малые и средние предприятия</kwd>
    <kwd>Исламская Республика Иран</kwd>
    <kwd>технологический суверенитет</kwd>
    <kwd>ресурсная экономика</kwd>
    <kwd>экономические санкции</kwd>
    <kwd>зарубежный опыт</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>entrepreneurship</kwd>
    <kwd>small and medium enterprises</kwd>
    <kwd>Islamic Republic of Iran</kwd>
    <kwd>technological sovereignty</kwd>
    <kwd>resource economy</kwd>
    <kwd>economic sanctions</kwd>
    <kwd>foreign experience</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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