Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 72953 10.21603/2074-9414-2023-4-2468 ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ REVIEW ARTICLE ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Methods for Extracting Immune-Response Modulating Agents of Plant Origin Методы экстракции иммуномодуляторов растительного происхождения https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2960-0216 Козлова Оксана Васильевна Kozlova Oksana V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-1256 Величкович Наталья Сергеевна Velichkovich Natalia S. velichkovich@yandex.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-2145 Фасхутдинова Елизавета Рафаиловна Faskhutdinova Elizaveta R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-5709 Неверова Ольга Александровна Neverova Olga A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-482X Петров Андрей Николаевич Petrov Andrey N. Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Кемеровский государственный университет Кемерово Россия Kemerovo State University Kemerovo Russian Federation Российский биотехнологический университет Москва Россия Russian Biotechnological University Moscow Russian Federation 30 12 2023 30 12 2023 53 4 680 688 31 05 2023 04 07 2023 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22269/22215/

Воздействия вредных факторов на иммунную систему человека может провоцировать развитие различных заболеваний. Для поддержания нормального функционирования иммунной системы разработаны особые вещества – иммуномодуляторы. Перспективными иммуномодуляторами являются биологически активные вещества (БАВ) лекарственных растений, для извлечения которых используется метод экстракции. Цель работы – обзор методов экстрагирования БАВ-иммуномодуляторов из растительного сырья. Объектом исследования являлись научные и обзорные статьи по теме исследования, опубликованные с 2019 по 2023 гг. и индексируемые в российских и зарубежных базах данных Scopus, Web of Science и eLIBRARY.RU. Поиск осуществлялся на английском и русском языках. Эффективность процесса экстракции зависит от множества факторов: выбора растворителя, температуры и размера частиц. Ключевую роль играет выбор метода экстракции. К традиционным методам экстракции относят перколяцию, мацерацию, экстракцию Сокслета, экстракцию тепловым рефлюксом и отвар; они характеризуются большим расходом растворителя, высокой стоимостью процесса и т. д. Для устранения недостатков традиционных методов разработаны современные методы экстракции – сверхкритическая экстракция, экстракция под действием микроволн, ультразвуковая экстракция и экстракция под давлением. Для извлечения БАВ из женьшеня настоящего (Panax ginseng) в научных работах используются современные методы экстракции, из люцерны посевной (Medicago sativa) – экстракция углекислым газом. Также этот метод применяют для выделения полифенола кверцетина из плодов айвы (Cydonia oblonga). Мацерацию с растворителем метанолом используют для получения экстрактов из таволги вязолистой (Filipendula ulmaria). Экстракцию Сокслета применяют для извлечения БАВ из скумпии кожевенной (Cotinus coggygria), пальчатокоренника пятнистого (Dactylorhiza maculata) и любки зелёноцветной (Platanthera chloranthа). Традиционные и современные методы экстракции находят свое применение и активно используются для получения экстрактов растений, содержащих биологически активные вещества иммуномодулирующего действия.

Numerous adverse factors may violate the human immune system and trigger various diseases. Immune-response modulating agents, or immunomodulators, help the immune system to function properly. Biologically active substances extracted from medicinal plants are especially promising in this respect. The article reviews traditional and novel methods for extracting biologically active immune-response modulating agents from plant raw materials. The review covered articles published in English and Russian in 2019–2023 and indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and eLIBRARY. Extraction efficiency depends on such factors as solvent, temperature, and particle size, but the method is the most important one. Traditional extraction methods include percolation, maceration, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, and decoction. However, they are solvent-consuming and expensive. Modern extraction methods rely on carbon dioxide, microwave treatment, ultrasonic processing, and pressure. They proved quite efficient in extracting biologically active substances from ginseng (Panax ginseng). Carbon dioxide, or supercritical, extraction was able to isolate polyphenol quercetin from quince fruit (Cydonia oblonga) and other biologically active substances from alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Maceration with methanol was applied to meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) while Soxhlet extraction proved especially effective with smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria), moorland spotted orchid (Dactylorhiza maculata), and greater butterfly-orchid (Platanthera chlorantha). Both traditional and novel extraction methods find their application in medicine and food science, where they yield plant extracts of biologically active immune-response modulating agents.

 Лекарственные растения биологически активные вещества иммуномодуляторы экстракция методы экстракции растворитель Medicinal plants biologically active substances immune-response modulating agents extraction extraction methods solvent Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (РНФ) , грант № 23-16-00113. This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RS F), grant No. 23-16-00113.

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